T follicular helper, but not Th1, cell differentiation in the absence of conventional dendritic cells.

Conventional Dendritic Cells Differentiation in the Absence of T Follicular Helper, but Not Th1, Cell

Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Effect of Curdlan on Maturation and Function of Mouse Spleen-Derived Dendritic Cells

Background: T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells play important roles in immunity against foreign invaders. Differentiation of these Th subsets is affected by state of maturation and cytokines that are produced by dendritic cells (DCs). Curdlan is a linear (1→3)-β- glucan and has shown activity against tumors and infectious agents. Objective: This study aims to investigate whether curdlan plays its...

TSLP-activated dendritic cells induce human T follicular helper cell differentiation through OX40-ligand

T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are important regulators of humoral responses. Human Tfh polarization pathways have been thus far associated with Th1 and Th17 polarization pathways. How human Tfh cells differentiate in Th2-skewed environments is unknown. We show that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-activated dendritic cells (DCs) promote human Tfh differentiation from naive CD4 T cells. We ...

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells promote T follicular helper cell differentiation

To be effective, protein priming must induce the development of a distinct lineage of CD4(+) T cells named T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which regulate the differentiation of high-affinity memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells. In this context, we tested how adjuvantation with CpG, the Toll-like receptor 9 agonist used in clinics, contributes to antigen-specific T-cell-dependent B-cell ...

The role of T helper 9(Th9) against Infectious Diseases

Background and aims: Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites .The Th9 subset develops in response to combined signals from TGF-b and IL-4 among a cacophony of other cytokines in an extracellular milieu. T helper 9 (Th9) cells,  as a novel CD4 T cell subset, seem to play a complex role in the outcome of specific immune responses. In thi...